with的結構與with 復合結構

【知識點1】with復合結構

1.構成： with+賓語+非謂語/adj/adv/prep, 常譯為“伴隨著”“由于”

2.用法：

(1) with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與前面的賓語之間是主動關系，表示動作正在進行。

We reached the village easily with the boy leading the way.

有男孩引路，我們很容易就到達了那個村莊。

With his classmates cheering for him , he became the first to get to the finishing line.在同學們的歡呼聲中，他第一個到達終點。

(2). with+賓語+過去分詞，過去分詞與賓語之間是被動關系，表示動作完成。

With the problems solved, he was relieved. 問題解決了，他如釋重負。

With his homework finished ahead of time, he was allowed to watch TV.

作業(yè)提前做完了，他被允許看電視。

(3). with+賓語+to do不定式, 不定式與賓語可以用主動表示被動關系，表示將來動作。

With so much homework to do, he can’t go out to play.

有這么多功課要做，他不能出去玩。

With no one to turn to, he felt very upset.

由于沒有人可求助，他感到非常沮喪。

(4). with+賓語+形容詞，形容詞表示賓語所處的狀態(tài)。

She sat beside the window, with her face pale. 她坐在窗邊，臉色蒼白。

He went out in a hurry, with the door open. 他急匆匆地出去了，門開著。

(5) .with+賓語+副詞，副詞表示賓語所處的狀態(tài)。

A boy stood outside the classroom, with his head down.

一個男孩站在教室外面，低著頭。

With the meeting over, all the students went back to the classroom.

會議結束了，所有的學生回了教室。

(6).with+賓語+介詞短語

With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply.

心理忐忑不安，我深深地吸了一口氣。

With a book in his hand, the teacher entered the classroom.

手里拿著一本書，老師進了教室。

【知識點2】with做介詞的含義

① in the company or presence of sb/sth 和…在一起；和；同；跟

I have a client with me right now. 我現(xiàn)在有個客戶。

a nice steak with a bottle of red wine一份美味牛排再加上一瓶紅葡萄酒

② having or carrying sth 有；具有；帶有

a girl with (= who has) red hair 一位紅發(fā)女郎

He looked at her with a hurt expression. 他帶著受傷害的神情看著她。

③ using sth 用；使用；以；借

Cut it with a knife.用刀把它切開。

④ used to say what fills, covers, etc. sth （表示以某物填充、覆蓋等）

The bag was stuffed with dirty clothes. 袋子里塞滿了臟衣服。

⑤in opposition to sb/sth; against sb/sth 與…對立；反對

  at war with a neighbouring country與鄰國交戰(zhàn)

I had an argument with my boss.我跟老板吵了一架。

【知識點3】

區(qū)別: with+賓語+非謂語/adj/adv/prep/n, 常譯為“伴隨著”“由于”

with+賓語.結構 常譯為“帶有”“用” “和”

With no one to talk to, John felt unhappy. 因為沒有人一起說話（表示原因）

The boys stood there with his head down. 低著頭 （表示伴隨）

He falls asleep with the light on. 燈開著（表示伴隨）

He lived a luxurious life, with his old father a beggar. 讓老父親乞討（表示伴隨）

Something the survivors do with their thoughts helps them find the courage. (用)

His life boat was broken with a hole. (有)

【高考考向】

主要考查：with的復合結構，以及with做介詞時候的在語法填空中的用法。

           with的復合結構，在書面表達中的熟練運用可以讓句子表達更加高級。

考查形式：語法填空，短文改錯，書面表達

【練習】

請寫出劃線的with或with復合結構在以下例句中的含義

1. The mini camps put kids into small groups with instructors, giving them the chance to interact with other kids.       _______________

2. We need someone with new ideas.       _______________

3. People with plenty of money can afford to shop here.  _______________

4. They do something with their minds to help them find the courage to carry on. _______________

5. It will help get through the rough spots with a little more determination. _______________

6. People with only a few friends were as happy as those with far more if many of theirs were online.           _______________

7. He has never given in to his fate as his love for basketball grows deeper in a body with a physical limitation.         _______________

8. An internet café serves as a bank of computers with high-speed internet access. _______________

9. The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.    _______________

10. I saw a tray with a bowl of salad sitting on top of the counter.  _______________

11. With much work _______ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. ______________

12. I can not go out with all these dishes ________ (wash).      ______________

【學生學情分析】

學生基礎薄弱，做題時不能準確地判斷with復合結構中的動詞形式，造成時非謂語的失分。或者有的時候會把with復合結構和with做介詞結構混淆。應強調常考點，教會學生看考點，找區(qū)別。

撰文：邵芳凈

圖片：無

審核：丁勁松

上傳：楊佳順